Data - Health benefits of cacao

A database of links to medical journal articles, and then general news articles, with regards to the growing body of evidence for the many health and medical benefits of cacao. Click here to jump to chocolate news articles. If you must eat chocolate, eat dark chocolate, which typically has less sugar, which increases the health benefits of cacao. A nice consumers guide to the health benefits of dark chocolate are available at: Jen Reviews - 14 Health Benefits of Dark Chocolate, according to science.

Cacao / Chocolate Medicine

• Using CRISPR gene editing technology to help make cacao trees more resistant to disease
  - American Council of Science and Health, 14 May 2018

• New studies show dark chocolate consumption reduces stress and inflammation
  - EurekAlert, 24 April 2018

• Dark chocolate (70% cacao) effects human gene expression: Cacao regulates cellular immune response, neural signaling, and sensory perception
  - FASEB Journal, 20 April 2018

• Dark chocolate (70% organic cacao) increases acute and chronic EEG power spectral density (μV2) response of gamma frequency (25–40 Hz) for brain health: enhancement of neuroplasticity, neural synchrony, cognitive processing, learning, memory, recall, and mindfulness meditation
  - FASEB Journal, 20 April 2018

• Genomic insights into the domestication of the chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao, such as deleterious mutations
  - bioRxiv, 22 November 2017

• Chocolate intake and decreased risk of clinically apparent atrial fibrillation
  - Heart, May 2017

• Chocolate and the prevention of atrial fibrillation: what is bad for the pancreas might be good for the atria?
  - Heart, May 2017

• Influence of hydrogenated oil as cocoa butter replacers in the development of sugar-free compound chocolates: use of inulin as stabilizing agent
  - Food Chemistry, February 2017

• Beneficial effects of brewed cocoa consumption on attention, motivation to perform cognitive work and feelings of anxiety, energy and fatigue
  - BMC Nutrition, 13 January 2017

• Eating more than 1 serving a day of chocolate eliminates any benefits for reducing heart failure
  - American Heart Journal, January 2017

• Theobromine up-regulates cerebral brain-derived neurotrophic factor and facilitates motor learning in mice
  - J. Nutr Biochemistry, January 2017

• High-molecular-weight cocoa procyanidins possess enhanced insuling-enhancing and insulin mimetic activities in human primary skeletal muscle cells compared to smaller procyanids
  - J. Nutr Biochemistry, January 2017

• Antioxidant and antiplatelet activity by polyphenol-rich nutrients: focus on extra virgin olive oil and cocoa
  - Br. J. Clinical Pharmacology, January 2017

• The prothrombotic state associated with obesity-induced hypertension is reduced by cocoa and its main flavanols
  - Food Functionality, 07 December 2016

• Theobromine upregulates osteogenesis by human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and accelerates bone development in rats
  - Calcif. Tissue Int., 02 December 2016

• Acute cocoa flavanol improves cerebral oxygenation without enhancing executive function at rest or after exercise
  - Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 01 December 2016

• Lubrication of chocolate during oral processing is strongly influenced by solid sugar particles and cocoa solids
  - Food Funct., 28 November 2016

• Polyphenol-rich foods alleviate pain and ameliorate quality of life in fibromyalgic women
  - Int. J. Vitam Nutr Res., 21 November 2016

• The fate of anthocyanins through cocoa fermentation - emergence of new polyphenolic dimers
  - J. Agric. Food Chemistry, 01 November 2016

• Oleogels: a promising structured oils for decreasing saturated fatty acid concentrations - production and food-based applications
  - Crit. Rev. Food Sci Nutr., 01 November 2016

• Cocoa flavonol intake and biomarkets for cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  - J. Nutrition, 01 November 2016

• Mineral essential elements for nutrition in different chocolate products
  - Int. J. Food Sci Nutrition, 01 November 2016

• Does epicatechin contribute to the acute vascular function effects of dark chocolate? A rnadomized crossover study
  - Mol Nutr Food Research, 01 November 2016

• Minimizing the negative flavor attributes and evaluating consumer acceptance of chocolate fortified with peanut skin extracts
  - J. Food Science, 13 October 2016

• Procyanidin-rich extract of natural cocoa powder causes ROS-mediated caspase-3 dependent apoptosis and reduction of pro-MMP-2 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell lines
  - Biomedical Pharmacotherapy, October 2016

• Assessment of flavonol stereoisomers and caffeine and theobromine content in commercial chocolates
  - Food Chemistry, October 2016

• Role of phytochemicals in the management of metabolic syndrome
  - Phytomedicine, October 2016

• Dark chocolate attenuates intracellular pro-inflammatory reactivity to acute psychosocial stress in men: a randomized controlled trial
  - Brain Behav Immun., October 2016

• Cocoa polyphenols: chemistry, bioavailability and effects on cardiovascular performance
  - Curr. Med Chem, 18 September 2016

• Beneficial effects of dark chocolate on exercise capacity in sedentary subjects: underlying mechanisms: a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial
  - Food Functionality, 14 September 2016

• Reducing breast cancer recurrence: the role of dietary polyphenolics
  - Nutrients, 06 September 2016

• Mechanisms by which cocoa flavanols improve metabolic syndrome and related disorders
  - J. Nutr. Biochem, 01 September 2016

• Efficacy of cocoa pod extract as antiwrinkle gel on human skin surface
  - J. Cosmet Dermatology, September 2016

• Mangifera sylvatica (Wild Mango) - a new cocoa butter substitute
  - Science Reports, 24 August 2016

• Antidiabetic actions of cocoa flavonols
  - Mol. Nutr. Food Research, August 2016

• Epicatechin, a component of dark chocolate, enhances memory formation if applied during the memory consolidation period
  - Commun Integr Biology, 27 July 2016

• 10 beneficios del chocolate para la salud
  - Pagina Siete (Bolivia), 08 July 2016

• Electrorheology leads to healthier and tastier chocolate
  - Proc. National Academy of Sciences, 05 July 2016

• The impact of gram amounts of cocoa flavonols on cardiovascular health
  - Phytotherapy Research, 01 July 2016

• Physicochemical characteristics of phytonutrient retained red palm olein and butter-fat blends and its utilization for formulating chocolate spread
  - J. Food Sci Technology, 01 July 2016

• Dietary epicatechin intake from cocoa and tea lowers risk of heart and vascular disease in elderly men
  - Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 2016

• Flavanol-rich chocolate acutely improves arterial function and working memory performance counteracting the effects of sleep deprivation in healthy individuals
  - J. Hypertension, July 2016

• Dietary epicatechin intake and 25-y risk of cardiovascular mortality: the Zutphen Elderly Study
  - Am. J. Clin. Nutrition, July 2016

• Fortification of dark chocolate with spray dried black mulberry (Morus nigra) waste extract encapsulated in chitosan-coated liposomes and bioaccessability studies
  - Food Chemistry, 15 June 2016

• Cocoa polyphenols and fiber modify colonic gene expression in rats
  - European J Nutrition, 2 June 2016

• Plant polyphenols to enhance the nutritional and sensory properties of chocolates
  - Food Chemistry, 01 June 2016

• Mortality reduction among persons with type 2 diabetes: (-)-epicatechins (available in cacao) as an add-on therapy to meforimin (an oral glucose lowering drug)
  - Medical Hypotheses, June 2016

• Impact of cocoa consumption on inflammation processes - a critical review of randomized controlled trials
  - Nutrients, 26 May 2016

• Effect of chocolate and yerba mate phenolic compounds on inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers in HIV/AIDS individuals
  - Nutrients, 23 May 2016

• Long-term antihypertensive effect of a soluble cocoa fiber product in spontaneously hypertensive rats
  - Food Nutrition Research, 20 May 2016

• Effect of procyanidin-rich extract from natural cocoa powder on in-vitro ovarian cancer cells
  - Pharmacogn. Magazine, May 2016

• Chocolate intake is associated with better cognitive function: The Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study
  - Appetite, 01 May 2016

• Acute cocoa flavonol supplementation improves muscle macro- and microvascular but no anabolic responses to amino acids in older men
  - Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab, May 2016

• Chocolate consumption is associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline
  - J. Alzheimers Disease, 6 May 2016

• The effect of flow rate at different pressures and temperatures on cocoa butter extracted from cocoa nib using supercritical carbon dioxide
  - J. Food Sci Tech, 01 May 216

• Promising features of wild mango (Mangifera indica L.) kernel oil: a review
  - J. Food Sci Tech, 01 May 2016

• Oral supplementation with cocoa extract reduces UVB-induced wrinkles in hairless mouse skin
  - J. Invest. Dermatology, May 2016

• Effect of procyanidin-rich extract from natural cocoa powder on cellular viability, cell cycle progression, and chemoresistance in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell lines
  - Pharmacogn., May 2016

• Cocoa and cocoa fibre differentially modulate IgA and IgM production at mucosal sites
  - Br. J. Nutrition, May 2016

• Antimicrobial properties of two novel peptides derived from Theobroma cacao osmotin
  - Peptides, May 2016

• Effect of cocoa and its flavonoids on biomarkers of inflammation: studies of cell culture, animals and humans
  - Nutrients, 09 April 2016

• Cardiovascular effects of cocoa flavonols in addition to blood pressure reduction
  - J. Clin. Hypertension, April 2016

• Cacao polyphenols ameliorate autoimmune myocarditis in mice
  - Hypertension Research, April 2016

• Cocoa extract intake for 4 weeks reduces postprandial systolic blood pressure response of obese subjects, even after following an energy-restricted diet
  - Food Nutrition Research, 31 March 2016

• Physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of raw, roasted and puffed cacao beans
  - Food Chemistry, 01 March 2016

• Cocoa and whey protein differentially affect markets of lipid and glucose metabolism and satiety
  - J. Med Food, March 2016

• A flavanoid component of chocolate quickly reverses an imposed memory deficit
  - J. Exp. Bio, March 2016

• Antioxidant and antiplatelet activity by polyphenol-rich nutrients: focus on extra-virgin olive oil and cocoa
  - Br. J. Clinical Pharmacology, 29 February 2016

• Cacao cultivation under diverse shade tree cover allows high carbon storage and sequestration without yield losses
  - PLoS One, 29 February 2016

• Theobroma cacao: review of the extraction, isolation and bioassay of its potential anti-cancer compounds
  - Tropical Life Sciences Research, February 2016

• Anti-diabetic actions of cocoa flavanols
  - Mol. Nutr. Food Research, 29 January 2016

• Vasculoprotective effects of dietary cocoa flavonols in patients on hemodialysis
  - Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrology, 7 January 2016

• Cocoa flavonols: a magic potion for protecting the endothelium in kidney failure?
  - Clin. J. Am Soc Nephrology, 07 January 2016

• Dark chocolate can help ward off pancreatic cancer
  - New York Daily News, 04 January 2016

• Cocoa flavonol supplementation influences skin conditions of photo-aged women
  - Journal of Nutrition, January 2016

• Effect of a cocoa-enriched diet on immune response and anaphylaxis in a food allergy model in Brown Norway rats
  - J. Nutr. Biochemistry, January 2016

• Variation of total aroma and polyphenol content of dark chocolate during three phase of conching
  - J. Food Sci Technology, January 2016

• Brain protection and cognitive function: cocoa flavonoids as nutraceuticals
  - Curr Pharm Des, Janaury 2016

• (-)-Epicatechin, the main cocoa flavonol, attenuates high-glucose-induced inflammation by epigenetic modulation in human monocytes
  - European J. Nutrition, 24 December 2015

• Dark chocolate may boost time trial performace for cyclists
  - Confectionary News, 23 December 2015

• Dark chocolate supplementation reduces the oxygen cost of moderate intensity cycling
  - J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutrition, 15 December 2015

• Cacao polyphenols ameliorate autoimmune myocarditis in mice
  - Hypertension Research, 10 December 2015

• Abstracts of talks at 2nd Int. Cong. on Chocolate and Cocoa in Medicine (Barcelona)
  - Nutrients, December 2015

• Cocoa, blood pressure and cardiovascular health
  - J. Agricultural Food Chemistry, 18 November 2015

• Potential implications of dose and diet for the effects of cocoa flavonols on cardiometabolic function
  - J. Agricultural Food Chemistry, 18 November 2015

• Cocoa flavanol intake improves endothelial function and Framingham Risk Score in healthy men and women
  - British Journal of Nutrition, 28 October 2015

• Anti-oxidative polyphenolic compounds of cocoa
  - Curr. Pharm. Biotechnology, 01 October 2015

• Cocoa flavonol intake improves endothelial function and Framingham Risk Score in healthy men and women
  - Br. J. Nutrition, 09 September 2015

• Flavonoids from cocoa and green tea have a positive effect on visual function in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension
  - Graefes Arch Clin Exp Opthalmol, 04 September 2015

• Effect of flavonol-rich cocoa on cerebral perfusion in healthy older adults during conscious resting state
  - Psychopharmacology, 01 September 2015

• Effects of high flavonol dark chocolate on cardiovascular function and platelet aggregation
  - Vascular Pharmacology, 01 August 2015

• The cardiovascular benefits of dark chocolate
  - Vascular Pharmacology, 01 August 2015

• Potential implications of dose and diet for the effects of cocoa flavonols on cardiometabolic function
  - J. Agric. Food Chemistry, 28 July 2015

• Cocoa, blood pressure and cardiovascular health
  - J. Agric. Food Chemistry, 15 July 2015

• Effect of cocoa products and flavonols on platelet aggregation in humans: a systematic review
  - Food & Function, 08 July 2015

• Cocoa-rich diet ameliorates hepatic insulin resistance by modulating insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis in Zucker diabetic fatty rats
  - J. Nutr. Biochemistry, 01 July 2015

• Impact of cocoa flavonol intake on age-dependent vascular stiffness in healthy men
  - Age, 01 June 2015

• Tailoring flow behavior and texture of water based cocoa suspensions
  - Food Hydrocoll., June 2015

• Natural cocoa consumption: potential to reduce atherogenic factors?
  - J. Nutr. Biochemistry, 01 June 2015

• Anti-oxidative polyphenolic compounds of cocoa
  - Curr. Pharm Biotechnology, 15 May 2015

• Effects of bioactive constituents in functional cocoa products on cardiovascular health in humans
  - Food Chemistry, 01 May 2015

• Anti-influenza virus effects of cocoa
  - J. Sci. Food Agric, 02 April 2015

• Cocoa flavonoids protect hepatic cells against high-glucose-induced oxidative stress
  - Mol Nutr Food Research, 01 April 2015

• Diabetes and chocolate: friend of foe?
  - J. Agric. Food Chemistry, 31 March 2015

• The effect of pre-dive ingestion of dark chocolate on endothelial function after a scuba dive
  - Diving Hyberbaric Medicine, 01 March 2015

• The relevance of theobromine for the beneficial effects of cocoa consumption
  - Frontiers Pharmacology, 20 February 2015

• Omega-3 fatty acids enriched chocolate spreads using soybean and coconut oils
  - J. Food Science Technology, 01 February 2015

• Flavan-3-ols, theobromine, and the effects of cocoa and chocolate on cardiometabolic risk factors
  - Current Opinion in Lipidology, 01 February 2015

• Dietary cocoa protects against colitis-associated cancer by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway
  - Biofactors, 01 February 2015

• Cocoa consumption dose-dependently improves flow-mediated dilation and arterial stiffness decreasing blood pressure in healthy individuals
  - Journal of Hypertension, 01 February 2015

• High-cocoa polyphenol-rich chocolate improves blood pressure in patients with diabetes and hypertension
  - ARYA Atherosclerosis, 01 January 2015

• Polyphenol-enriched cocoa protects the diabetic retina from glial reaction through the sirtuin pathway
  - J. Nutr. Biochemistry, 01 January 2015

• Impact of cocoa polyphenol extracts on the immune system and microbiota in two strains of young rats
  - British J. Nutrition, 28 December 2014

• Enhancing dentate gyrus function with dietary flavanols [such as from cacao] improves cognition in older adults
  - Nature Neuroscience, 01 December 2014

• Chocolate consumption and [lower] risk of heart failure in the Physician's Health Study
  - European J. Heart Failure, 01 December 2014

• The flavonol epicatechin reverses the suppressive effects of a stressor on long-term memory formation
  - J. Exp. Biol., 15 November 2014

• Cocoa protective effects against abnormal fat storage and oxidative stress induced by a high-fat diet involve PPARα signalling activation
  - Food Functionality, 01 November 2015

• Reduction in blood pressure and serum lipids by lycosome formulation of dark chocolate and lycopene in prehypertension
  - Food Science and Nutrition, 01 November 2014

• Enhancing dentate gyrus function with dietary flavanols improves cognition in older adults
  - Nature Neuroscience, 26 October 2014

• Compound in cocoa found to reverse age-related memory loss
  - Washington Post, 26 October 2014

• Theobromine inhibits uric acid crystallization - a potential application in the treatment of uric acid nephrolithiasis
  - PLoS One, 21 October 2014

• Phenolic composition, antioxidant, anti-wrinkles and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of cocoa pod extract
  - BMC Complement Altern Med., 07 October 2014

• The flavan-3-ol fraction of cocoa powder suppressed changes associated with early-stage metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed rats
  - Life Sciences, 26 September 2014

• The science of cooca flavonols: bioavailability, emerging evidence and proposed mechanisms
  - Advances in Nutrition, 01 September 2014

• Cocoa bioactive compounds: significance and potential for the maintenance of skin health
  - Nutrients, 11 August 2014

• The short-term effect of flavonoid-rich dark chocolate on retinal vessel diameter in glaucoma patients
  - Acta Ophthalmol., 01 August 2014

• Dark chocolate acutely improves walking autonomy in patients with peripheral artery disease
  - J. Am. Heart Association, 02 July 2014

• Flavonoids and arterial stiffness: promising perspectives
  - Nutr Metab Cardiovascular Disease, 01 July 2014

• Dark chocolate intake buffers stress reactivity in humans
  - J. Am. Coll. Cardiology, 03 June 2014

• [Improved] Central arterial hemodynamic effects of dark chocolate ingestion in young healthy people
  - Cardiol. Res Pract., 01 June 2014

• Cocoa extracts reduce oligomerization of amyloid-β: implications for cognitive improvement in Alzheimer's disease
  - J. Alzheimer's Disease, May 2014

• Unsweetened natural cocoa has anti-asthmatic potential
  - Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacology, April-June 2014

• Flavan-3-ol fraction from cocoa powder promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle in mice
  - Lipids Health & Disease, 05 April 2014

• Evaluation of antiradical activity of different cocoa and chocolate products: relation with lipid and protein composition
  - J. Med Food, 01 April 2014

• (+)-Catechin attenuates activation of hepatic stellate cells
  - Cell Bio Int, 01 April 2014

• Stomach microbes, such as Bifidobacterium, help breakdown chocolate's polyphenols to be more easily absorbed
  - Los Angeles Times, 18 March 2014

• Cocoa, green tea and red wine polyphenols moderately modulate intestinal inflammation and do not increase HDL production
  - J. Agric. Food Chem, 12 March 2014

• Dark chocolate consumption improves leukocyte adhesion factors and vascular function in overweight men
  - FASEB Journal, March 2014

• Oligomeric cocoa procyanidins possess enhanced bioactivity compared to monomeric and polymeric cocoa procyanidids for preventing the development of obesity, insuling resistance and impaired glucose tolerance during high-fat feeding
  - J. Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 24 February 2014

• Cocoa polyphenols and inflammatory markers of cardiovascular disease
  - Nutrients, 21 February 2014

• Beneficial effects of cocoa on lipid peroxidation and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients and investigation of probable interactions of cocoa active ingredients with prostaglandin synthase-2 (PTGS-2/COX-2) using virtual analysis
  - J. Diabetes Metab Disord, 04 February 2014

• Theobromine, the primary methylxanthine found in Theobroma cacao, prevents malignant glioblastoma proliferation by negative regulation
  - Nutr Cancer, 01 January 2014

• Suppressive effects of cacao polyphenols on the development of atherosclerosis in apo-E deficient mice
  - Subcell Biochem, 01 January 2014

• Immunomodulatory properties of cacao extracts - potential consequences for medical applications
  - Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12 December 2013

• TcNPR3 from Theobroma cacao functions as a repressor of the pathogen defense response
  - BMC Plant Biol, 06 December 2013

• Health benefits of methylxanthines in cacao and chocolate
  - Nutrients, 18 October 2013

• Adolescents with high chocolate consumption in Europea have lower total and central fatness
  - Nutrition, 21 October 2013

• Theobromine in cacao raises "good" serum HDL-cholesterol levels
  - Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 2013

• Psychopharmacology of theobromine: at normal intake levels, it contributes to positive effects of chocolate
  - Psychopharmacology, 19 February 2013

• Is cocoa the brain drug of the future?
  - Scientific American, 14 February 2013

• Earliest evidence of chocolate in North America seen in bowls that date back 1200 years
  - Huffington Post, 23 January 2013

• Benefits of flavanol-rich cocoa-derived products for mental well-being: a review
  - Journal of Functional Foods, January 2013

• Barry Callebaut wins EGSA Article 13.5 claim on the benefits of cocoa flavonols for blood circulation
  - NutraIngredients, 17 July 2012

• Mars scientists develop research tool to establish cocoa health links
  - NutraIngredient, 26 April 2012

• Chocolate milk and endurance exercise recovery: protein balance, glycogen an d performance [better than sports drinks]
  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, April 2012

• Mars flavonoid research provides new insights into cocoa benefits
  - NutraIngredients, 16 March 2012

• Cocoa offers 'consistent' benefits for heath health, according to meta-study
  - NutraIngredients, 03 February 2012

• Differential contributions of theobromine and caffeine - theobromine decreases blood pressure while caffeine increase blood pleasure [note: dark chocolate contains about 10 times more theobromine than caffeine]
  - Physiological Behavior, 24 October 2011

• Chocolate consumption and [reducing] cardiometabolic disorders: review of seven key, well-documented, studies
  - British Medical Journal, 29 August 2011

• Scientists identify cocoa's novel mechanism for heart benefits
  - NutraIngredients, 26 January 2011

• Polyphenol-rich chocolate may ease chronic fatigue systems
  - NutraIngredients, 23 November 2010

• Reducing effects on peripheral and central blood pressure by flavonol-rich cocoa
  - Hypertension, 07 September 2010

• High-flavonol cocoa repairs blood vessels in CVD patients, according to Mars study
  - NutraIngredietns, 08 July 2010

• Dark chocolate could be beneficial to liver patients
  - NutraIngredients, 16 April 2010

• Mars Inc is suing three companies for infringing nine patents covering cocoa flavonol products
  - NutraIngredients, 14 April 2010

• EU and USA regulations for making health claims about chocolate
  - NutraIngredients, 23 October 2009

• Chocolate passes clinical trial test for artery and heart health
  - NutraIngredients, 29 September 2009

• Chocolate powder may slash blood pressure
  - NutraIngredients, 22 July 2009

• Cocoa: antioxidant and immunomodulator
  - British Journal of Nutrition, April 2009

• Cocoa and cardiovascular health - reducing risk of heart disease and stroke
  - Circulation, February 2009

• Bioavailability of flavonols: milk probably doesn't affect bioavailability when mixed with cacao
  - University of Barcelona, September 2008

• Consumption of flavonol-rich cocoa acutely increases microcirculation in human skin
  - European Journal of Nutrition, February 2008

• Continuous intake of polyphenolic compounds containing cocoa powder reduces LDL oxidative susceptibility and has beneficial effects on plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations in humans
  - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, March 2007

• Flavonols in cocoa may enhance brain blood flow
  - Int. J. Medical Sciences, 18 February 2007

• Effect of dark chocolate on arterial function in healthy individuals
  - Am. J. Hypertension, June 2005

• Short-term administration of dark chocolate is followed by a significant increase in insulin sensitivty and a decrease in blood pressure
  - Am. J. of Clinical Nutrition, March 2005 (has good citation list)

• Dark chocolate consumption increases HDL cholesterol concentration and chocolate fatty acids may inhibit lipid peroxidation in healthy humans
  - Free Radical Biology & Mediicine, November 2004

• Flavonoid-rick dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults
  - J. Am. Coll. Nutrition, June 2004

• Effects of cocoa powder and dark chocolate on LDL oxidative suspectibility and prostaglandin concentrations in humans
  - Am. J. of Clinical Nutrition, November 2001

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Cacao / Chocolate News

• Venezuela cocoa growers fear new pest: the socialist government demanding bribes and stealing cacao bean shipments, a possible prelude to destroying the cacao business has the government has destroyed the sugar business
  - Reuters, 27 December 2018

• How one farm, Leolinda Farms, in northern Brazil represents the future of chocolate
  - Forbes, 26 December 2018

• Influx of unapproved chemicals threaten cocoa production in Ghana
  - GhanaWeb, 22 December 2018

• Here is what could jeopardize the development of Ivory Coast's cocoa bean
  - CNBC Africa, 18 December 2018

• Dry winds threaten Ivory Coast cocoa bean development
  - Reuters, 17 December 2018

• The cacao industry in Davao, Phillipines, braces for challenges ahead
  - SunStar Davao, 13 December 2018

• Higher prices for Fairtrade cacao are still unfair, says Cacao for Change founder
  - Food Navigator, 11 December 2018

• Cocoa industry is failing on its highly publicized pledge to stop deforestation in west Africa and eliminate tainted beans from supply chains
  - Delano (Lu), 09 December 2018

• Why raw cacao is better for you than cocoa, with more nutrients and antioxidants
  - Civilized Life, 06 December 2018

• Cacao was first cultivated in South America 5300 years ago in the Amazon, not Mexico nor Central America
  - Smithsonian, 30 October 2018

• Ivory Coast audits cocoa cooperatives amid management concerns
  - Bloomberg, 17 May 2018

• Cocoa partnerships: how collaboration helps the Arhuacos of Colombia conserve the forest and improve economic opportunity
  - Environmental Defense Fund, 14 May 2018

• Chocolate's sustainability challenge
  - New Europe, 14 May 2018

• Editorial: the world doesn't need trans fats
  - New York Times, 14 May 2018

• Two years later, people are still furious at Toblerone for making the gap bigger between segments (less chocolate at same price)
  - Delish, 08 May 2018

• How will the chocolate industry approach cocoa farmer 'living income'?
  - Confectionary News, 03 May 2018

• A bit of dark chocolate might sweeten your vision
  - WebMD, 26 April 2018

• After 124 years, Hershey tries to be more than just a chocolate company (again)
  - CNBC, 24 April 2018

• Carob isn't more popular because it just doesn't taste like cocoa
  - Mother Nature Network, 12 April 2018

• Sell Hershey shares due to slowing chocolate sales and surging cocoa prices, says UBS
  - CNBC, 10 April 2018

• Why Hershey is investing $500 million to make its iconic chocolate Kisses from more sustainable cocoa
  - Fortune, 03 April 2018

• New book: "In Chocolate We Trust" - the bittersweet tale of Hershey's philanthropy
  - Washington Post, 31 March 2018

• Nestle launches a new chocolate bar using sugar-reduction technology - porous sugar, which can reduce sugar by up to 40%
  - CNBC, 27 March 2018

• Cocoa prices have risen sharply this year, 31%, amid signs of tighter supply and an increase in demand
  - Wall Street Journal, 21 March 2018

• What is chocolate's biggest environmental impact?
  - Confectionary News, 15 March 2018

• Oil and cococa make Ghana one of the world's fast growing economies
  - New York Times, 11 March 2018

• Mars, Hershey and others settle lawsuit, filed by As You Sow, over whether certain levels of lead and cadmium in chocolate require warning labels under California's Prop 65 law - the industry agrees to a study that will investigate the main sources of lead and cadmium in chocolate
  - Confectionary News, 08 March 2018

• 5 razones por las que el chocolate está en peligro en todo el mundo
  - El Tiempo (Co), 22 February 2018

• The flowers that give us chocolate are ridiculously hard to pollinate, with only 50% to 60% growing into pods
  - ScienceNews, 20 February 2018

• McDonald's cuts cheeseburgers and chocolate milk from its Happy Meal menu for children
  - Chicago Tribune, 15 February 2018

• How Hawaii became the North Pole of cacao - the coldest place that can sustain cacao plantations
  - Smithsonian, 14 February 2018

• Godiva causes a stir in Japan by urging women to stop buying chocolates for male coworkers
  - Adweek, 14 February 2018

• People have made exorbitant claims about the power of cocoa for centuries - but is it really a health food?
  - Wall Street Journal, 10 February 2018

• Hey, dark-chocolate snobs - milk chocolate could be making you happier
  - Wall Street Journal, 10 February 2018

• How chocolate and sugary things may prime your brain to want more
  - Washington Post, 10 February 2018

• In sweeping war on obesity, Chile requires explicit labeling and limits the marketing of sugary foods to children
  - New York Times, 07 February 2018

• Are Americans falling out of love with chocolate?
  - Wall Street Journal, 05 February 2018

• Here is how much caffeine is in various types of chocolate, with dark chocolate having the most caffeine at 23 milligrams in 1 ounce
  - Greatist, 01 February 2018

• The failed chocolate substitute - how carob traumatized a generation
  - The New Yorker, 31 January 2018

• Hershey and Mondelez eye returns on shift to healthier snacks, which hopefully will be seen in the next round of earnings reports
  - Wall Street Journal, 29 January 2018

• Sugary shakes in the hospital are not good medicine
  - New York Times, 25 Janaury 2018

• Ferrero's purchase of Nestlé's U.S. confectionery business marks a hat-trick of deals for the Italian company behind Nutella spread but aggressively expanding in America at a time of rapid market change is a daring strategy
  - Wall Street Journal, 18 January 2018

• Nestle is making a pink KitKat from ruby chocolate
  - CNN Money, 18 January 2018

• Nutella maker, Ferrero, to pay $2.8 billion for Nestle's U.S. candy unit
  - Bloomberg, 16 Janaury 2018

• Gourmet chocolate becomes economic lifeline in Venezuela crisis
  - Reuters, 11 January 2018

• Cold brew coffee - meet cold brew cocoa
  - Convenience Store, 04 January 2018

• Cacao may go extinct in 40 years due to global warming, so scientists at Mars are using CRISPR gene editing to derive hardier cacaos
  - Independent, 01 January 2018

• Our lust for tastier chocolate has fatally weakened the cocoa tree, as trees bred to have less bitter cacao are also more vulnerable to disease
  - New Scientist, 27 December 2018

• Hershey and Campbell Soup bet that salty snacks will reignite slow sales
  - Bloomberg, 18 December 2017

• Hershey nears $1.6 billion deal to acquire SkinnyPop parent Amplify at $12/share, a 71% premium
  - CNBC, 18 December 2017

• Mars to invest (at $4 billion valuation) in Kind, third biggest maker of snack bars (after Nature Valley and Clif Bars)
  - New York Times, 29 November 2017

• Bolivia is among the 18 countries having the best cacaos in the world
  - El Diario, 12 November 2017

• Bolivia is among the 18 countries having the best cacaos in the world
  - La Razon, 11 November 2017

• Without these flies, there'd be no chocolate
  - National Goegraphic, 22 November 2017

• From coca to cacao: Colombia pushes farmers to exit cocaine trade
  - CGTN America, 18 November 2017

• Mapping the distinctive flavor of Central America cocoa
  - Huffington Post, 08 November 2017

• Some of the world's finest chocolate is produced in Upala, Costa Rica
  - Costa Rica Star, 01 November 2017

• Hershey sales rise 1.5 to $ 2 billion in latest quarter, despite growing competition
  - Wall Street Journal, 27 October 2017

• Activist investor Dan Loeb says he will push Nestle to make further changes
  - Wall Street Journal, 20 October 2017

• Ferraro starts buying companies in the U.S>, buying Ferrera (Lemonheads, Redhots) and looking to buy Nestle's US unit for around $2.5 billion
  - Wall Street Journal, 20 October 2017

• Nestle tests investor patience with slower sales due to fast-changing buying habits by consumers world-wide
  - Wall Street Journal, 20 October 2017

• This CBD-infused lavendar hot chocolate might be the most calming drink on the planet
  - Mind Body Green, 20 October 2017

• Dark chocolate is now a health food - here's how that happened
  - Vox, 18 October 2017

• Ghana can't afford the salaries for cocoa farmers indefinitely as cocoa futures prices have dropped 30% in the last year
  - Bloomberg, 11 October 2017

• In Costa Rica, researchers are cloning cacao hybrids resistant to frosty pod rot, a blight that has spread throughout Latin America
  - New York Times, 25 September 2017

• People are aging chocolate in bourbon battles and we are obsessed
  - Vice Pair, 25 September 2017

• Modern day slavery in cocoa farming: the guilt behind eating chocolate
  - The Daily Vox, 21 September 2017

• Cocoa prices have crashed but smugglers are still making money
  - BusinessWeek, 19 September 2017

• Ivory Coast said to fear losing fifth of cocoa to smuggling
  - Bloomberg, 31 August 2017

• Potential cocoa substitute: jackfruit seeds create chocolate aroma
  - Confectionary News, 16 August 2017

• Over 2500 products in the UK have shrunk in size in the last five years, while being sold for the same amount - 'shrinkflation', for example, Toblerone Swiss Chocolate
  - The Telegraph, 24 July 2017

• When just vanilla won’t do, how about a blueberry pie Oreo?
  - New York Times, 04 July 2017

• Nestle plans $20.8 billion share buyback over three years, amid pressure from hedge fund Third Point
  - Reuters, 27 June 2017

• Nestle's soaring share price could mean smaller gains for Dan Loeb's activist investment
  - Wall Street Journal, 26 June 2017

• Shareholders demand more drastic shifts at Nestle
  - New York Times, 26 June 2017

• Corporate governance looms as an issue for Nestle
  - New York Times, 26 June 2017

• Nestle unmoved by demands from activist Dan Loeb and his hedge fund's (Third Point) $3.5 billion investment
  - Wall Street Journal, 26 June 2017

• Hedge fund activist Dab Loeb takes $3.5 bullion stake in Nestle, calls for changes
  - USA Today, 26 June 2017

• Who will buy Nestle's U.S. confectionary business?
  - Wall Street Journal, 19 June 2017

• Nestle to sell U.S. candy business, but not its much larger global chocolate business
  - Wall Street Journal, 16 June 2017

• Where Nestle guzzles water, locals doubt claims of negligible impact
  - New York Times, 25 May 2016

• Drop in cocoa prices isn't over, as overproduction and health-conscious diets are likely to keep the pressure on
  - Barron's, 06 May 2017

• How the government meddles in your Easter chocolate
  - Mises Institute, 14 April 2017

• Before you eat that chocolate Easter egg, think about the people who produced it - e.g., Ivory Coast workers earning 91 cents a day
  - Los Angeles Times, 13 April 2017

• Facing soft chocolate sales, Hershey Co. appoints a chief growth officer, Mary Beth West, a former Kraft marketing officer
  - Philly.com, 14 March 2017

• New chocolate cream spread from Colombia, Jet Crema, to compete Nutella
  - Portafolio, 07 March 2017

• Cacao from Arauca (Colombia) displayed at the Paris Chocolate Salon
  - Portafolio, 05 March 2017

• How the Amazon's cashews and cacao point to cultivation by the ancients
  - New York Times, 03 March 2017

• Hershey to cut global workforce by about 15 percent
  - Reuters, 28 February 2017

• Hershey to fire about 3000 employees around the world
  - Fortune, 28 February 2017

• Deforestation worsens in the Amazon, led by food giants such as Cargill and Bunge, with Cargill-related lands deforesting 321,000 acres between 2011 and 2015
  - New York Times, 26 February 2017

• Ecuador has a new generation of chocolatiers that are turning the country's fine cacao beans into first-rate chocolate
  - Economist's 1843, 14 February 2017

• Origin-made chocolate, crafted in the same place the beans are grown
  - Wall Street Journal, 09 February 2017

• Cocoa prices continue to drop as short bets increase, dropping to an eight year low
  - Wall Street Journal, 09 February 2017

• Nestle USA to move headquarters from Glendale (CA) to Rossyln (VA)
  - Los Angeles Times, 01 February 2017

• Congolese Cacao Plantation Workers Art League - New York exhibition until March of their sculptures using cacao to depict their harsh lives
  - Sculpture Center, New York, 29 January 2017

• Nestlé seeks to sweeten Nesquik sales by cutting back on sugar
  - Wall Street Journal, 28 January 2017

• New hope for the future of chocolate, as scientists in Bahia, Brazil, trace 200 years of the genetic history of their cacao
  - PHYS.org News, 20 Janaury 2017

• 'Honest' photo of Nutella's separated ingredients is putting people off the chocolate spread
  - Mirror, 19 January 2017

• The power of cocoa: preserving peace - and an indigenous tribe - in Colombia
  - Huffington Report, 17 January 2017

• Could Nutella give you cancer? Report claims a key ingredient, palm oil, is carcinogenic
  - Daily Mail, 11 January 2017

• Mars Inc. to buy pet hospital chain (VCA) for $7.7 billion
  - New York Times, 09 January 2017

• Nestlé looks for way to boost stale growth as consumers snub unhealthy food, including chocolates with "hollow" sugar
  - Economist, 07 January 2017

• Nestle turns to new CEO to boost health push
  - Wall Street Journal, 30 December 2016

• Chocolate made with olive oil (instead of cocoa butter) in Napa Valley
  - New York Times, 27 December 2016

• Ivory Coast, the world's top cocoa producer, is becoming a West African economic powerhouse
  - Wall Street Journal, 23 December 2016

• Hershey names 11-year veteran, Michele Buck, as its next president and CEO
  - Fortune, 21 December 2016

• Chocolate sales up 18% since 2011; seems healthy when high in cocoa, low in sugar and full of premium ingredients
  - Wall Street Journal, 19 December 2016

• Berkshire/3G-Capital's KraftHeinz, and Mondelez International, said to not currently be in deal talks
  - Bloomberg, 14 December 2016

• The decline in the UK pound since the Brexit vote is forcing some chocolate manufacturers to boost prices
  - Wall Street Journal, 13 December 2016

• In Cuban town than Hershey built, memories both bitter and sweet
  - New York Times, 07 December 2016

• Ferrero and Romanian prosecutors investigate child labor allegations involving Kinder eggs
  - Reuters, 23 November 2016

• Romanian millionaire Kinder Eggs 'slave' boss lives in massive mansion while families living in poverty earn 22pence-an-hour making eggs' toys in Romania
  - The Sun, 22 November 2016

• Kids aged SIX are making toys for Kinder Eggs as 'slave' workers are paid just 22-pence-an-hour for 13 hour shifts
  - The Sun, 22 November 2016

• Customers of Mondelez' Toblerone feel short-changed by reducing the weight from 170 grams to 150 grams, by widening gaps between ridges
  - Wall Street Journal, 08 November 2016

• Customers of Mondelez' Toblerone feel short-changed by reducing the weight from 170 grams to 150 grams, by widening gaps between ridges
  - New York Times, 08 November 2016

• In a Haiti hard hit by Hurriance Matthew, cocoa still thrives in northern Haiti
  - Boston Globe, 07 November 2016

• The government is trying to track our Nutella consumption
  - Vice, 05 November 2016

• Hershey may be too tempting for Mondelez to resist buying
  - Crain's Chicago Business, 28 October 2016

• Upscale chocolate could help turn the tide on Haiti's devastating deforestation
  - Global Voices, 27 October 2016

• Nestlé reports subdued sales growth and falls short of key revenue growth benchmark for the fourth straight year
  - Wall Street Journal, 21 October 2016

• Could wild mangoes solve the world's chocolate crisis, grown in Bangladesh, due to the color and melting point of wild mango butter being similar to cocoa butter with similar chemical components
  - The Conversation, 21 October 2016

• Hershey's most anticipated innovation in 16 years - cookie layer crunch chocolate bar
  - Business Wire, 18 October 2016

• Brexit could reopen UK's 30-year chocolate war with the EU, with the UK maybe losing the ability to make chocolate with vegetable fat
  - Bloomberg, 17 October 2016

• J.P. Bilbrey, Hershey CEO, to retire after months of failed negotiations to sell the company
  - Wall Street Journal, 15 October 2016

• Consumers outraged as Mondelez shrinks Terry's Chocolate Orange by 10 percent but keeps the price the same
  - >Daily Mail, 08 October 2016

• El Ceibo chocolate cooperative in Bolivia acquires much of the annual harvest of the Alto Beni region, known for its excellent cacaos
  - El Diario, 22 September 2016

• Opinion: a chocolate war is about to heat up in the U.S. between Hershey and Mondelez
  - MSN Money, 21 September 2016

• Mondelez walks away after Hershey spurns raised bid
  - Wall Street Journal, 30 August 2016

• Hershey drops 12% after Mondelez withdraws offer to buy company
  - Zero Hedge, 29 August 2016

• Mondelez abandons pursuit for U.S. chocolate maker Hershey
  - Reuters, 29 August 2016

• Nestlé seeks bigger piece of high-end chocolate as chocolate consumption gradually declines
  - Wall Street Journal, 18 August 2016

• Deflation and China slowdown knock Nestlé revenues
  - Financial Times, 18 August 2016

• Hershey - the town that chocolate built - now fears corporate suitors
  - Wall Street Journal, 16 August 2016

• Ferrero's CEO picks up the pace at the chocolate maker, pushing changes and expanding
  - Wall Street Journal, 09 August 2016

• Forrest Mars Jr., former co-president of the food giant Mars, dies at 84
  - Wall Street Journal, 28 July 2016

• Forrest Mars Jr., scion of a candy empire, dies at 84
  - New York Times, 28 July 2016

• Why Hershey's chocolate company is facing an historic test
  - Philadelphia Inquirer, 23 July 2016

• Hershey Trust reaches in-principle reform agreement of its governance activities with Pennsylvania Attorney General
  - Reuters, 22 July 2016

• Ferrero, Lindt and Rubezahl chocolate found to contain mineral oil
  - Confectionary News, 14 July 2016

• Cocoa versus conflict in Colombia - peace through chocolate-producing peasant farmers
  - Al Jazeera, 13 July 2016

• Higher costs for cacao and sugar are biting into the profits of chocolate makers
  - Wall Street Journal, 11 July 2016

• A Venezuelan chef, Maria Fernanda di Giacobbe, helps poor women through chocolate
  - Bloomberg Pursuits, 11 July 2016

• Vietnam strives to be a leading exporter of cacao
  - VietnamNet, 07 July 2016

• Hershey rejects Mondelez's $23 billion takeover offer
  - New York Times, 30 June 2016

• Board resignation at Hershey Trust adds uncertainty in face of Mondelez pursuit
  - Wall Street Journal, 11 July 2016

• Dissecting the Mondelez offer for Hershey and what can come next
  - Seeking Alpha, 08 July 3016

• Snack giant Mondelez makes $23 billion takeover bid for Hershey
  - Wall Street Journal, 30 June 2016

• How Sucre became the chocolate capital of Bolivia
  - VICE, 12 June 2016

• Why the Japanese will pay a fortune for luxury chocolates
  - Japan Times, 03 June 2016

• Hershey, Lindt, Mars, and Nestle join new program to help cocoa farmers adapt to climate change
  - Collaboration, 02 June 2016

• People are snorting cacao powder to get high - and it's legal
  - Daily Star, 27 May 2016

• In Costa Rica, a vibrant chocolate scene
  - Costa Rica Star, 08 May 2016

• Hershey to start selling meat-based protein bars
  - Wall Street Journal, 26 April 2016

• Largest ever cocoa press arrives in Peru
  - Kennedys Confection, 22 April 2016

• Kickstarter-funded chocolate bar company wants to pay Africans a decent wage for once
  - Modern Farmer, 20 April 2016

• Mars buys Ecuadorian cocoa farm for scientific research
  - Confectionary News, 14 April 2016

• Climate change could reduce the world's supply of cacao
  - UNDARK, 14 April 2016

• Narcos v. chocolate: a bittersweet war on drugs
  - OZY, 09 April 2016

• Dark chocolate is good for your heart and your workout
  - Runner's World, 31 March 2016

• Chocolate lovers send demand and prices soaring, with $17 billion spent during Easter season on chocolate
  - CNBC, 26 March 2016

• Chocolate industry's uncertain future, due to health concerns about sugar and difficulties with farming
  - CNBC, 26 March 2016

• Before chocolate bunnies: an Easter season history of cocoa
  - Wall Street Journal, 26 March 2016

• Survey results: Is there more than trace amounts of lead in your chocolate?
  - As You Sow, 25 March 2016

• Was your Easter chocolate made with child labor - 2 million children in Africa?
  - Fortune, 25 March 2016

• Is there more than trace amounts of lead in your chocolate?
  - CNN, 25 March 2016

• High cost of keeping chocolate cool during shipping stifling online sales, with shipping expenses far exceeding the price of the candy
  - Wall Street Journal, 25 March 2016

• Chocolate processors stuggle with factory glut - world's capacity for processing cocoa beans has grown faster than demand for finished products
  - Wall Street Journal, 24 March 2016

• Dark chocolate can boost your workout
  - New York Times, 23 March 2016

• Coca-Cola thinks designer milk (high protein, low sugar) could be a billion-dollar brand
  - Business Week, 17 March 2016

• To reinvigorate sales (as higher cacao prices drive down chocolate profits), Mondelez reimagines the snack
  - New York Times, 07 March 2016

• Big chocolate's child labor problem - 2 million West African children basically suffering as cacao slaves
  - Fortune, 01 March 2016

• Mars recalls chocolate products in 55 countries
  - New York Times, 24 February 2016

• Eating chocolate makes you look younger 'by preventing wrinkles'
  - Mirror, 23 February 2016

• Mars recall candy bars in 55 countries after plastic found in its products
  - The Guardian, 23 February 2016

• Cocoa prices cooling off on lower demand
  - Barron's, 06 February 2016

• Biggest cocoa crop hit by worst Saharan storm in two decades
  - BusinesWeek, 28 January 2016

• Hershey learns that selling chocolate in China isn't easy
  - BusinesWeek, 27 January 2016

• Cocoa volatility jumps as investors mull 'precarious balance'
  - BusinesWeek, 22 January 2016

• Cocoa purchases in Ghana said to rise to 590,000 tons since October
  - BusinesWeek, 19 January 2016

• As climate change threatens Central American coffee, a cocoa boom is born
  - Reuters, 18 January 2016

• The $1 billion scramble to save the world's cacao supplies
  - MarketWatch, 14 January 2016

• Chocolate makers fight a melting supply of cocoa
  - Wall Street Journal, 14 January 2016

• Nestle buys cocoa from farmers they know buy children for $30
  - TeleSur, 12 January 2016

• Colombian cocoa processor Cacao Pacifico will sell chocolate couvertures made with fine flavor Colombian cocoa in Europe
  - Confectionary News, 04 January 2016

• How to temper chocolate and fix it when it goes wrong
  - One Green Planet, 04 January 2016

• Chocolate is heart-healthy food, but there's a catch - too much sugar and fat
  - Newsmax, 28 December 2015

• UK government rules that Nestle can't claim its 'hot chococlate for breakfast' for children, because of too much sugar
  - CNN, 23 December 2015

• Gold Kit Kat shows cocoa resilience amid commodities slump
  - CNBC, 23 December 2015

• Chocolate company in Bolivia, Chocolates Para Ti, denounce a competitor which is importing chocolate from China and labelling it with a very similar trademark, "Chocolate Para Ti", without food safety and customs agencies approval
  - La Razon, 23 December 2015

• Production of cacao in Colombia exceeds expectations in 2015, producing more than 50,000 tons from 147,000 hectares of cacao trees
  - El Siglo, 22 December 2015

• Unwrapping the mythos of Mast Brothers Chocolate in Brooklyn
  - New York Times, 20 December 2015

• Ghana cocoa board seeks $300 million syndicated loan to refinance short-term securities
  - BusinesWeek, 15 December 2016

• What the heck is shade-grown cacao? This pricey treat is actually good for the planet
  - Washington Post, 08 December 2015

• Cocoa rules as best commodity as Ivorian arrivals are at 5-year low
  - BusinesWeek, 01 December 2016

• Substance in cacao, green tea, may treat diabetes complications
  - TechTimes, 28 November 2015

• Fine cacao is booming - fine cacao is vanishing
  - Ecosystem Marketplace, 27 November 2015

• Chocolate in a pill: all of the benefits, none of the fun
  - BusinesWeek, 18 November 2016

• Nazareth (Beni), a town in Bolivia, has one of the 17th best cacaos of the world, winning a prize in the Salon du Chocolat in Paris at the end of October
  - Pagina Siete, 15 November 2015

• Why cocaine farmers in Colombia are switching to growing cacao
  - Bloomberg, 11 November 2015

• In Ireland, milk chocolate reigns, mixing Irish milk with European solid chocolate
  - New York Times, 10 November 2015

• Changing tastes in China offer big upside for coffee (China consumes 1% of the world's coffee, while having 19% of the world's people) - could be similar upside for chocolate
  - Wall Street Journal, 17 September 2015

• Panama seeks to become known as a producer of cacao
  - Panama America, 13 September 2015

• NIH study is halted early, after positive results indicate that blood pressure guidelines should be much lower, saving many lives (cacao's theobromine is reported to lower blood pressure)
  - New York Times, 12 September 2015

• Cargill completes $440 million acquisition of ADM’s global chocolate business, deepening service offering to its customers
  - Cargill Press Release, 03 August 2015

• Cocoa flavonols can protect cardiovascular health by lowering blood pressure and improving blood vessel functioning
  - UPI, 11 September 2015

• Why cocoa prices will remain high (over $3000 a ton) due to weather
  - Barron's, 07 September 2015

• Trans fats, but not saturated fats such as [cacao] butter, are linked to greater risk of early death and heart disease
  - Science Daily, 11 August 2015

• Mars Chocolate to invest $100 million to expand its factory for chocolate products in Topeka, Kansas
  - Food Dive, 16 July 2015

• Honduras and Swirzerland sign a cooperation agreement to improve the lives of cacao farmers in Honduras, with Switzerland providing $4.9 million in aid
  - La Prensa, 13 July 2015

• Aging cocoa farmers pose risk for Ghana industry
  - La Prensa, 12 July 2015

• Seasonal challenges for cacao and coffee growers in Ecuador
  - El Diario, 12 July 2014

• Cocoa setbacks take shine from Barry Callebaut sales
  - AgriMoney, 08 July 2015

• 90% of the production of cacao in Peru is exported
  - Food News LatAm, 07 July 2015

• Peru will produce 45,000 tons of chocolate in 2015, up 15%
  - La Republica, 07 July 2015

• Panamanians are the biggest consumers of chocolate in Central America, about 650 grams (1.43 pounds) per year
  - Newsroom Panama, 07 July 2015

• Peruvian exports of cacao and coffee will total $350 million in 2015
  - La Republica, 07 July 2015

• Hershey's uses more certified sustainable cacao, but farmers may not be seeing the benefits
  - The Guardian, 06 July 2015

• Cultivators of organic cacao are reforesting the Amazon
  - Pagina Siete, 05 July 2015

• Suridao del Sur (Philippines) targets 10,000 hectares for planting cacao
  - Business World Online, 03 July 2015

• FineNaturals launches new certified organic Arriba Criollo cacao powder
  - Digital Journal, 03 July 2015

• Mars Chocolate supports the guidance of the WHO that added sugar should be less than 10% of a person's consumption of calories
  - Confectionary News, 02 July 2015

• The cultivation of cacao is converted into an ally in the fight against poverty and drug trafficking in Peru, according to Vice President Marisol Espinoza
  - Andina News, 02 July 2015

• United Cacao, which IPOed in London in December 2014, set to become largest cocoa grower in Latin America
  - The Telegraph, 30 June 2015

• Ghana's state-run cocoa agency seeks $1.8 billion loan for 2015-16 crop
  - Wall Street Journal, 29 June 2015

• Indigenous farmers in La Paz province contribute to the diversity of Bolivia's national chocolate resources
  - Pagina Siete, 29 June 2015

• Peru could dethrone Ecuador as leading global producer of 'Fino de Aroma' cocoa by 2020
  - Confectionary News, 26 June 2015

• Ecuador has probably lost 15% of its cacao harvest this year due to heavy rains
  - La Prensa, 26 June 2015

• Ecuador cocoa forecast cut to 230,000 tons after rains hit crops, losing about 15% of this years crop
  - ESM News, 25 June 2015

• Ferrero International acquires British chocolate retailer Thorntons for $177 million
  - Candy Industry, 24 June 2015

• Ghana faces huge shortfall in cocoa crop, shrinking supplies and driving up prices
  - Wall Street Journal, 19 June 2015

• White-chocolate false ad suit filed against Ghiradelli in Puerto Rico
  - Lexology, 19 June 2015

• Cacao represents 65% of the income of the Alto Beni region, and the El Ceibo cooperative handles 80% of the chocolate production
  - El Diario, 18 June 2015

• Chocolate - it really is good for our health, except for the fat and sugar
  - Medical News Today, 18 June 2015

• Cargill helps cocoa farmers cooperatives build new schools and three new health centers in the Ivory Coast
  - NewFood Magazine, 17 June 2015

• GarudaFood and Barry Callebaut enter long-term chocolate outsourcing agreement
  - Newswire Today, 16 June 2015

• Habitual chocolate consumption and lower risk of cardiovascular disease among health men and women
  - Heart, 15 June 2015

• Eating 100 grams of chocolate daily is linked to lowered heart disease and stroke risk
  - ScienceDaily, 15 June 2015

• How chocolate benefits cardiovascular health
  - Panama America, 15 June 2015

• Chocolate makers poised for acquisition spree to control volatile commodities
  - Confectionary News, 12 June 2015

• Organic cacao farmers help reforest Brazil's Amazon jungle
  - Inter Press Service, 11 June 2015

• Should cocoa-substitutes not get a standardized name, as they are used more?
  - The Economic Times, 09 June 2015

• Chocolate makers accused of leveraging 'loophole' on child slavery
  - Confectionary News, 08 June 2015

• Increased production of cacao could boost the exports of Panama, which currently has 6000 hectares in cultivation
  - Panama America, 06 June 2015

• CocoaFair, a South African chocolate company, ships its first container of cacao from Bocas del Toro to South African
  - Prensa, 02 June 2015

• Most chocolate doesn't taste very good - genetic profiling will change that
  - Newsweek, 24 May 2015

• Chocolate company to revitalize Samoa cocoa exports
  - Radio New Zealand, 21 May 2015

• New Zealand chocolate company to use Tongan vanilla and Samoan cocoa
  - Radio New Zealand, 20 May 2015

• Mars announces 5-year cocoa flavonol study with Harvard
  - Candy Industry, 13 May 2015

• Asia loses its sweet tooth for chocolate, as rising prices and slower growth have Asian buyers shunning cocoa
  - Wall Street Journal, 11 May 2015

• Interview with Jorge Redmond, president of Venezuela's Chocolates El Rey, one of the world's top chocolatiers
  - Panam Post, 08 May 2015

• Mars, the huge candy manufacturer, to support government recommendations to limit sugar intake, and to label candies with the amount of added sugar
  - CNN Money, 08 May 2015Y

• Export freeze sows bitterness in Venezuela's chocolate trade
  - Seattle Times, 12 May 2015

• Chocolate industry should embrace anti-extreme poverty tax
  - Confectionary News, 06 May 2015

• Venezuela chocolate trade is not so sweet - government freezes exports
  - Democrat Gazette, 03 May 2015

• Venezuela's export freeze on cacao alarms chocolate producers in Europe and Asia, who have already paid for their shipments
  - PanAm Post, 01 May 2015

• Export freeze sows bitterness in Venezuela's chocolate trade
  - ABC News, 29 April 2015

• Nestle files all-natural heat resistant chocolate patent
  - Confectionary News, 23 April 2015

• Cocoa polyphenol craze prompts dark chocolate shift in Japan
  - Confectionary News, 22 April 2015

• Can Peru stop 'ethical chocolate' from destroying the Amazon?
  - The Guardian, 17 April 2015

• Can Peru stop 'ethical chocolate' from destroying the Amazon?
  - The Guardian, 17 April 2015

• American cocoa grind falls more than expected in first quarter of 2015
  - Reuters, 16 April 2015

• Chocolate heavyweights back Indonesian sustainable cocoa program
  - Confectionary News, 15 April 2015

• Venezuela curbs exports of cocoa, upsetting chocalate manufacturers in Japan and Switzerland
  - Reuters, 10 April 2015

• Nestle pours millions more into its bottled water business - more versions of flavored sparkling water
  - Wall Street Journal, 09 April 2015

• What exactly is chocolate? Stricter definition of chocolate is debated in the Brazilian Senate
  - Confectionary News, 07 April 2015

• Is chocolate farming in the Ivory Coast driving monkeys into extincton?
  - Scientific America, 03 April 2015

• What is raw cacao? Health benefits, recipes and why it's better for you than dark chocolate
  - Huffington Post, 31 March 2015

• Scientists work out how to make chocolate healthier and more flavorful
  - IFL Science, 30 March 2015

• Making healthier chocolate that tastes better too
  - Newsweek, 24 March 2015

• Why Cadbury chocolate made in the UK tastes better than the equivalent brand made in the U.S. by Hershey's
  - BBC News, 18 March 2015

• Cholesterol-friendly cocoa butter
  - Beliefnet, 17 March 2015

• Dark chocolate may improve exercise capacity and metabolic parameters
  - Medical Research News, 17 March 2015

• Evidence continues to mount that cocoa flavonols boost cognitive function
  - Ghana Web, 16 March 2015

• The ancient history of chocolate, gift of the gods
  - Anicent Origins, 14 March 2015

• Bolivia's chocolate coop, El Ceibo, exported less in 2014 due to shortages of locally grown cacao
  - La Razon, 09 March 2015

• Frosty Pod fungus (moniliasis) affecting 65% of the cacao cultivated in the Alto Beni of Bolivia
  - La Razon, 09 March 2015

• Chocolate flavonols with the marine carotenoid astaxanthin, may help reduce effects of aging of the skin
  - RedBrick, 08 March 2015

• By 2020, confectioners may have to contend with expensive cocoa, consumer rejection of sugar, and water shortages
  - The Independent, 08 March 2015

• French chocolate maker CEMOI to open factory in the Ivory Coast
  - African Business Review, 06 March 2015

• Extreme poverty ignored in sustainable cocoa drive, says NGOs
  - Confectionary News, 06 March 2015

• Chocolate lovers face a stark choice - pay more or watch chocolate disappear
  - Financial Times, 06 March 2015

• Drop in cocoa bean size worries Ivorian exporters
  - Reuters Africa, 06 March 2015

• Ghana gives incentives to cocoa farmers to boost yields
  - The Africa Report, 04 March 2015

• A National Action Plan for Green Exports in the cocoa-chocolate sector validated by Ecuadorian stakeholders
  - UNCTAD, 02 March 2015

• Death by chocolate: the sugar-fueled surge of diabetes in South Asia
  - The Guardian, 02 March 2015

• Asian Development Bank provides $250 million in loans to support three agro-businesses in the Philipines, including support for Kennemer Foods, a supplier of cacao beans from 35,000 smallholder farmers
  - Manilla Bulletin, 01 March 2015

• Ivory Coast to overtake Netherlands as top cocoa processor
  - AgriMoney, 27 February 2015

• Is a futures contract buy signal forming in Cocoa?
  - Inside Futures, 26 February 2015

• How the nutrients in raw cacao can help fight sugar cravings
  - One Green Planet, 25 February 2015

• Hershey drops bioengineered sugar from its products
  - Genetic Literacy Project, 23 February 2015

• The rise of Filipino-made pure chocolate
  - Rappler, 22 February 2015

• Cacao production in Ecuador rises from 92,000 tons to 220,000 tons in ten years, produced by 2930 plantations
  - Telegrafo, 22 February 2015

• Production de cacao: Barry-Callebaut distribue 1420 filtres à eau aux planteurs en Côte d'Ivoire
  - Fratmat.info, 22 February 2015

• Quality problems cause high rejection of Ivory Coast's cocoa
  - Ventures Africa, 20 February 2015

• Doctors don't recommend snorting a line of chocolate
  - Live Science, 20 February 2015

• National cocoa quality testing laboratory opens in the Solomon Islands
  - Solomon Star, 19 February 2015

• Cargill and Mondelez partner on cocoa sustainability
  - World Bakers News, 19 February 2015

• Nestle USA to remove artificial ingredients from its chocolate and other candy products
  - Wall Street Journal, 18 February 2015

• On Peruvian farms, rising production of quinoa, grape, avocado and cacao
  - Peru This Week, 17 February 2015

• A U.S. government laboratory is helping to preserve rare varieties of cacao plants, working with the Fine Chocolate Industry Association
  - Business Week, 17 February 2015

• Nestle USA to remove artificial ingredients from its chocolate and other candy products
  - MarketWatch, 17 February 2015

• Chocolate's move to luxury status cuts cocoa demand, and prices ease
  - Chicago Tribune, 17 February 2015

• Milk consumption by children dropped 41% when chocolate milk (with much added sugar) was removed from school lunchrooms
  - ZME Science, 16 January 2015

• Hershey, Mars and See's Candies face heavy metal chocolate contamination lawsuit
  - Confectionary News, 16 February 2015

• Peru exported more than $230 million of cacao in 2014
  - Cronica Viva, 13 February 2015

• Valentine's Day chocolate will cost more this year as cocoa prices rise
  - New York Times, 12 February 2015

• What we know about the earliest history of chocolate
  - Smithsonian Magazine, 12 February 2015

• Cocoa farmers in Jamaica appeal for investors to help expand the industry
  - Jamaica Observer, 12 February 2015

• Is organic chocolate worth the price?
  - Reuters, 11 February 2015

• 10 ways nutritionists enjoy chocolate
  - US News and World Report, 11 February 2015

• Chocolate, such as valentine chocolates, can be good for the heart, in more ways than one
  - Economist, 09 February 2015

• Religious debate: making small statutes of Hindu deities, such as Ganesh, out of chocolate?
  - New York Times, 09 February 2015

• Mondelez International and Flocert launch cocoa verification program for sustainable cocoa
  - Confectionary Production, 09 February 2015

• Chocolate - it is good for your skin, too
  - New Jersey News, 08 February 2015

• 2000 hectares of forest in Peru destroyed by United Cacao, which had raised $15 million in the London markets to promote sustainable cacao
  - Epoch Times, 08 February 2015

• Scientists warn investors on cacao company's destruction of more than 2000 hectares of forest in the Peruvian Amazon
  - Mongabay News, 06 February 2015

• 90 permits from 19 ministries needed to export chocolate from Venezuela
  - NPR, 07 February 2015

• Hot chocolate and your iPhone screen use the same chemical, sodium aluminosilicate, to keep it from clumping
  - Wired, 06 February 2015

• Ghana to distribute 25 million cocoa seedlings to farmers in the Brong-Ahafo region
  - SpyGhana, 05 February 2015

• How can we avoid peak chocolate?
  - The Guardian, 04 February 2015

• Chocolates con una "pisca" de sal de Uyuni (Bolivia) seducen a cinco países
  - Pagina Siete, 01 February 2015

• Cocoa goes from bull market to bear market in a few months, as economic expansion slows in the emerging markets
  - Barrons, 31 January 2015

• Disease-free cocoa centre protects the world's chocolate supply
  - International Business Times, 31 January 2015

• Cocoa prices drop close to 20% in five months as demand drops and retail prices rise
  - Wall Street Journal, 28 January 2015

• Chocolate producers pass on higher costs to consumers as demand stalls
  - Financial Times, 28 January 2015

• CME Group to launch a euro-denominated cocoa contract
  - Reuters, 27 January 2015

• Hershey's blocks imports of chocolate Cadbury chocolates from the UK, for which it has a license for U.S. sales of these chocolates for which it only manufactures in the U.S. with a slightly different recipe - UK chocolate has more fat, while U.S chocolate has more sugar
  - New York Times, 24 January 2015

• Cocoa beans, blueberries and avocados may keep cardiologists at bay
  - Bioscience Technology, 20 January 2015

• Chinese love to eat chocolate: global cocoa demand growing
  - Indonesia Investments, 19 January 2015

• Nigeria's mid-crop cocoa threatened by prolonged dry winds
  - Bloomberg, 16 January 2015

• Europe cocoa processing at 9-year-low, as factories processing capacity shifts to cacao producing countries
  - Bloomberg, 15 January 2015

• Why some people are snorting cocoa
  - Irish Independent, 15 January 2015

• For chocoholics - make your own chocolate at Voila Chocolate in New York City
  - Wall Street Journal, 14 January 2015

• Lindt predicts cocoa price decline by second half of 2015
  - Bloomberg, 13 January 2015

• Swiss chocolate maker Lindt's purchase of Russell Stover in 2013 boosted sales in 2014
  - Reuters, 13 January 2015

  Stone-ground chocolate from Taza Chocolate (and other Mexican-style chocolate manufacturers) gets hate mail and lots of love
  - Wall Street Journal, 13 January 2015

• Hershey: sustainable cocoa sourcing pace increases
  - Environmental Leader, 12 January 2015

• Hersheys speeds up sustainable cocoa sourcing
  - JustMeans, 10 January 2015

• Cocoa intake may delay progression of type 2 diabetes
  - Confectionary News, 09 January 2015

• Chocolate shortage spurs revival of cocoa farming in the Amazon
  - Bloomberg, 07 January 2015

• Remineralize teeth and fight tooth decay with cacao
  - Raw Food World, 07 January 2015

• Chocolate health myth dissolves - its flavonols to appear in other products
  - CBC News, 05 January 2015

• Chocolate factory in the Brooklyn asks: "What, us? Gentrifiers?"
  - New York Times, 04 January 2015

• Scientists quarantining cocoa to save the future of chocolate
  - The Daily Good, 02 January 2015

• Facility opens in Reading (UK) to safeguard the future of chocolate, with greenhouse for 400 species
  - BBC News, 02 January 2015

• Manual harvesting of cacao is ceding ground to mechanization in Bolivia
  - La Razon, 28 December 2014

• What exactly is cocoa butter? Watch this video to see how it is made
  - io9, 23 December 2014

• Welcome to world of Big Chocolate: Olam, Barry Callebaut and Cargill
  - Financial Times, 18 December 2014

• UN-backed project to help Colombian farmers move away from growing coca leaves towards growing fair trade chocolate
  - UN News Centre, 17 December 2014

• Olam buys Archer-Daniels-Midland cocoa unit for $1.3 billion
  - Bloomberg, 16 December 2014

• Cargill launches its first Asian cacao factory in Gresik, East Java
  - Jakarta Post, 12 December 2014

• Reasons why chocolate is actually good for you
  - Mirror (UK), 05 December 2014

• United Cacao plots world's largest cocoa plantation in Peru - 2000 hectares
  - Confectionary News, 03 December 2014

• 10 chocolate trends for 2014: millennials, protein and texture
  - Confectionary News, 02 December 2014

• Wellness: eating fat (such as cacao butter) to boost Vitamin D and calcium
  - New York Times, 02 December 2014

• The world's chocolate shortage and how science can save us
  - Financial Buzz, 01 December 2014

• The savoury applications of cacao with Willie Harcourt-Cooze
  - Hospitality, 01 December 2014

• Toronto bakery Thobors bakes cocoa baguette
  - Toronto Star, 26 November 2014

• Chocolate shortage 'overstated in the extreme', says Int. Cocoa Organization, with sufficient stocks for next five years
  - Confectionary News, 24 November 2014

• Vanuatu cocoa growers target the fine chocolate market
  - Australian, 22 November 2014

• Sweet times lie ahead for Hershey's chocolate in China
  - China Daily, 21 November 2014

• The race to save the world's chocolate source - cacao
  - Mother Jones, 19 November 2014

• The world's biggest chocolate-maker says we're running out chocolate
  - Washington Post, 15 November 2014

• Chocolate supplies in danger as scientists search for a stronger strain of cacao
  - Chicago Times, 14 November 2014

• Can science save the world's most endangered treat - chocolate - as climate and disease threatens cacao plants?
  - Bloomberg, 13 November 2014

• The sweet science of chocolate
  - KQED Quest, 13 November 2014

• How two big companies are controlling the cocoa market: Cargill and Barry Callebaut
  - Syracuse News, 12 November 2014

• FincaChocolate brings Puerto Rican cacao to Columbus, Ohio
  - Columbus Crave, 10 November 2014

• First cocoa plantation, United Cacao in Peru, lists on London's junior stock market, raising 10 million pounds for 37% of company
  - Financial Times, 09 November 2014

• Heating up the hot chocolate wars: Guittard Grand Cacao, Hershey's, Williams-Sonoma Classic, Sarabeth's Parisienne, and Trader Joe's Sipping
  - St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 05 November 2014

• El Ceibo, Bolivia's chocolate farmers cooperative, represents 1200 cacao farmers and chocolate producers, with El Ceibo chocolates one of the most favorite of Bolivian consumers
  - Pagina Siete, 03 November 2014

• Your cocoa may be contaminated by cadmium while having few flavonols
  - ConsumerLab, 01 November 2014

• Is "raw" chocolate the new sushi?
  - The Citizen, 31 October 2014

• Scientists seek cure for devastating witches' broom disease of the chocolate tree
  - EurekaAlert, 31 October 2014

• World Cocoa Foundation announces establishment of Americas Cacao Breeders working group
  - PR Newswire, 30 October 2014

• El consumo de cacao puede revertir la pérdida de la memoria
  - Con Nuestro Perú, 30 October 2014

• Demand for cocoa from Ecuador and Colombia could rise with Ebola outbreak in West Africa
  - Bloomberg, 28 October 2014

• Compound in cocoa found to reverse age-related memory loss
  - Washington Post, 26 October 2014

• Growing Criollo cacao in Colombia's El Choco region near Tatama National Park
  - Open Minded Traveler, 20 October 2014

• Ebola virus poses greatest threat to $12 billion market for chocolate
  - Ventures Africa, 20 October 2014

• Chocolate maker stays true to his Texas roots
  - New York Times, 19 October 2014

• Why there may not be enough chocolate in the world anymore
  - Financial Post, 18 October 2014

• Latin American plantations - the future for chocolate?
  - Financial Times, 17 October 2014

• The chocolate revolution in Belize
  - World Policy blog, 16 October 2014

• Ebola threatens West African suppliers of chocolate: Ivory Coast, Ghana and Nigeria
  - Politico, 12 October 2014

• Central American startup of indigenous Maya in Belize seeks to grow sustainable cocoa production
  - Forbes, 10 October 2014

• Cocoa farmers are underpaid, impoverished, growing older, and not getting fair prices - can their business model be improved?
  - Huffington Post, 10 October 2014

• Clif Bar won't reveal if its source of cacao are from African farms staffed by child slave labor
  - Care 2, 07 October 2014

• The surprising Ebola connection to chocolate
  - Los Angeles Times, 03 October 2014

• Cacao is becoming a hot commodity, creating opportunities for Filipino planters
  - Business World, 02 October 2014

• U.S., Brazil, Germany, France and Italy are five biggest coffee markets
  - CNBC, 29 September 2014

• New chocolate candy trends from paleo to future tech
  - Candy Industry, 24 September 2014

• Ghana promoting forest conservation, by working with cacao farms to have them cut down less trees
  - All Africa, 24 September 2014

• La ciencia del chocolate
  - El Pais (UY), 21 September 2014

• Cocoa prices surge on fears that Ebola outbreaks will disrupt supply chains in West Africa
  - Wall Street Journal, 19 September 2014

• Cocoa prices rise on worries that Ebola outbreaks could affect West African production
  - Wall Street Journal, 17 September 2014

• In the Philippines, Davao chocolate is starting to make a splash
  - Business World Online, 17 September 2014

• Peru's flourishing cacao and chocolate industry: taking great strides forward
  - Candy Industry, 16 September 2014

• Cocoa is Ghana, employing over 700,000 farmers in the country
  - SpyGhana, 16 September 2014

• How to improve your health with chocolate and cacao
  - Huffington Post, 15 September 2014

• Mindanao (Philipines) development authority urges farmers to switch from growing coconuts to growing cacao
  - Philippine Information Agency, 14 September 2014

• Many chocolate products in Brazil contain unhealthy amounts of cadmium and lead
  - The Epoch Times, 13 September 2014

• Has Mars found a way around cocoa bean fermentation?
  - Confectionary News, 11 September 2014

• European Union provides 5 million euros in aid to Papua New Guinea cocoa industry, to help combat trees attacked by cocoa pod borer
  - Islands Business, 09 September 2014

• Nestle, ADM and Cargill can't escape liability for cocoa child slavery, according to U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals
  - Confectionary News, 08 September 2014

• How coffee and cacao plants evolved to produce caffeine
  - New York Times, 04 September 2014

• As cocoa price soars, chocolate makers devour substitutes, replacing cocoa butter with palm oil
  - Reuters, 05 September 2014

• The very real health benefits of dark chocolate
  - Men's Journal, 03 September 2014

• Cocoa prices fall from a nearly three-year high of $3281 to $3229 after supply forecasts are raised 10%
  - Wall Street Journal, 02 September 2014

• Nutritionists say the darker, the better, with chocolate
  - Las Vegas Review Journal, 31 August 2014

• A chocolate habit in ancient North America
  - Science, 29 August 2014

• Best chocolate? Go to Madagascar
  - CDA Press, 26 August 2014

• Ecuador puede ser un referente en el mercado mundial del chocolate
  - El Comercio, 26 August 2014

• Florida-based Suavva manufacturing cacao pulp based smoothies, cacao pulp being very nutritious but underutilized
  - Food Navigator, 21 August 2014

• Can Mindanao, Philippines, save the world chocolate industry?
  - Rappler, 21 August 2014

• M&M's and Mars profits from the growing popularity of chocolate in China
  - Wall Street Journal, 07 August 2014

• Could specialty cocoa be Haiti's golden ticket to prosperity?
  - NH Public Radio, 31 July 2014

• Natural chocolate is actually a reddish color
  - Smithsonian Magazine, 30 July 2014

• Why rising chocolate prices won't reduce sales - demand tends to be inelastic
  - Marketwatch, 25 July 2014

• Ritter controls cacao supply chain with own cocoa plantation in Nicaragua
  - Confectionary News, 24 July 2014

• Hershey announces an average wholesale-price increase of 8% across the majority of its products due to higher cocoa prices
  - Wall Street Journal, 19 July 2014

• Asia's chocolate binge is compounding the global shortage in cocoa
  - Bloomberg, 15 July 2014

• Swiss chocolatier Lindt to buy US candy maker Russell Stover for about $1.4 billion
  - Huffington Post, 14 July 2014

• Emerging markets' chocolate lovers boost cocoa prices to three year high
  - Wall Street Journal, 08 July 2014

• Cocoa hits 3-year high at $3149 per ton
  - Reuters, 03 July 2014

• Could dark chocolate ease poor leg circulation?
  - WebMD, 02 July 2014

• Attracting the next generation of cocoa farmers in West Africa
  - Confectionary News, 02 July 2014

• Nigeria earns $900 million/year from exports of cocoa
  - Nation Newspaper, 02 June 2014

• Exports of cacao from Peru reach $35.6 million in first three months of 2014
  - Panama America, 01 June 2014

• A dozen of the largest chocolate companies sign agreement to support 300,000 cocoa farmers to improve sustainability in Ivory Coast and Ghana
  - Supply Management, 28 May 2014

• More than 12,000 children are slaves on cocoa plantations around the world
  - Cambio16 (ES), 25 May 2014

• As Asia craves more chocolate, cocoa bean farms must modernize
  - Globe and Mail, 22 May 2014

• Cocoa shown to have role in colorectal cancer reduction
  - Confectionary News, 22 May 2014

• Severe chocolate shortage on the horizon as demand rises and supplies fall
  - NDTV, 19 May 2014

• The difference between cacao and cocoa: what you need to know
  - One Green Plant, 15 May 2014

• Savor chocolate's ancient secrets on indigenous Costa Rica tour
  - Costa Rica News, 08 May 2014

• Barry Callebaut gets European Food Safety Authority approval to make health claims for its cocoa flavanols products
  - Perishable News, 08 May 2014

• How gut bacteria breakdown cacao to release all of its many healthy nutrients
  - New York Times, 24 April 2014

• Slowly and sweetly, Vietnam's chocolate industry grows
  - SCPR News, 23 April 2014

• Let school children drink chocolate milk
  - New York Times, 20 April 2014

• Global single-dose coffee market is worth $10.8 billion, of which $4.9 billion is in the United States
  - New York Times, 18 April 2014

• Mars develops heat resistant chocolate with polyol mix
  - Confectionary News, 10 April 2014

• ADM to sell its global chocolate business, among world's five largest
  - Wall Street Journal, 16 April 2014

• These wonderful colourful graphics explain the chemistry of everyday foods
  - Business Insider Australia, 08 April 2014

• Big debate in Indonesia on eliminating import taxes on cacao to make it easier to supply local markets
  - Jakarta Global, 08 April 2014

• CEO of Mondelez, Oreo cookie maker, talks about helping cocoa farmers stay in business by investing $400 million over next ten years
  - Wall Street Journal, 08 April 2014

• Why chocolate is a bargaining chip in the Ukraine-Russia conflict
  - NPR, 08 April 2014

• Chocolate's feel-good chemicals: anandamide, which binds to cannabinoid receptors
  - Stanford Medical SCOPE, 07 April 2014

• Carob versus chocolate: carob has no theobromine
  - Scientific America, 06 April 2014

• Barry Callebaut's acquisition of Petra Foods strengthens its cocoa ingredients business
  - Food Business News, 04 April 2014

• Dark chocolate ingredient may prevent obesity and diabetes
  - Fox News, 03 April 2014

• Eat chocolate to get thin? Study touts cocoa for weight loss
  - Forbes, 02 April 2014

• Chocolate shortage looming - growing difficulties, climate change, moth attacks, growing rubber trees instead
  - Guardian Liberty Voice, 31 March 2014

• The delicious secret of wild cacao grown by the Tacana people of the Beni region of Bolivia
  - Pagina Siete, 30 March 2014

• Ukraine's hopes riding on a chocolatier running for president, Petro Poroshenko
  - New York Times, 29 March 2014

• Mars Inc. to build $270 million chocolate plant near Topeka
  - Wichita Eagle, 27 March 2014

• Harvard's Brigham and Women's Hospital launches large study to see if chocolate compounds can prevent heart disease
  - Boston Globe, 17 March 2014

• Sap-sucking bug threatens cocoa crop in Cameroon - could affect 40% of country's production
  - Wall Street Journal, 11 March 2014

• Cocoa futures rise to 2.5 year high about $3000 a ton on supply concerns
  - Wall Street Journal, 11 March 2014

• Coffee isn't just getting more expensive. It's likely to start tasting worse, too
  - Quartz, 24 February 2014

• Chocolate candy maker Russell Stover is up for sale, expected to be purchased for around $1 billion
  - Quartz, 21 February 2014

• Cocoa prices rising due to growing demand from emerging markets for chocolate products, now around $3000/ton
  - Wall Street Journal, 13 February 2014

• Naturally limited Production of Venezuela's non-bitter criollo cacao, world's best chocolate, is threatened by government corruption
  - WLRN News (Miami), 11 February 2014

• Low fat yogurt could combat type 2 diabetes
  - New Zealand Herald, 07 February 2014

• This health expert eats chocolate for breakfast!
  - Huffington Post, 05 February 2014

• Producers look to boost reputation of Peruvian cocoa abroad
  - Peru This Week, 04 February 2014

• Cocoa producers of Bocas del Toro in Panama seeking to improve harvests of certified organic cocoa for export
  - La Estrella, 01 February 2014

• In Venezuela, Chocolates El Rey premium chocolate production is in danger due to country's failing economy
  - Globe and Mail, 31 January 2014

• Hershey sells 50% of US dark chocolate
  - Quartz, 30 January 2014

• The revival of cacao farming and chocolate production in Costa Rica
  - TicoTimes, 27 January 2014

• Nestle, Cargill and ADM will be sued in California courts over alleged use of child slaves on cocoa farms in the Ivory Coast
  - Confectionary News, 27 January 2014

• Real men drink hot chocolate - from kings to tough guys
  - Outside, 27 January 2014

• Cocoa futures surge to highest level in 28 months to $2,868 per ton
  - Wall Street Journal, 27 January 2014

• Cacao is a profitable alternative for coca growers in Paru
  - Andina News, 26 January 2014

• Some Philippine cacaos produce some of the world's best chocolates
  - Rappler, 25 January 2014

• Cocoa prices need to rise about 7.5%, about $3500 ton, to stimulate production
  - Wall Street Journal, 23 January 2014

• Perú exports $150 million worth of cacao in 2013
  - America Economia, 23 January 2014

• USAID promotes market opportunities for Peruvian cocoa
  - Andina News, 22 January 2014

• Chocolate has new Latin king as Ecuador overtakes Brazil as top cocoa producer
  - Bloomberg, 21 January 2014

• Ecuadorian firm, Pacari, uses biodynamic farming to produce a premium chocolate
  - Korea Times, 19 January 2014

• Colombian government delivers $300,000 to help chocolate growers in Santander province
  - Vanguardia, 19 January 2014

• Dutch-process (alkalized) versus natural cocoa powder
  - Huffington Post, 16 January 2014

• Scientists develop a cocoa quality test
  - Yahoo News, 16 January 2014

• The manufacture and chemistry of chocolate: from cacao pods to cocoa
  - Decoded Science, 13 January 2014

• Cacao nips - chocolate flavor without the sugar
  - Washington Post, 28 January 2014

• Green tea ingestion greatly reduces plasma concentrations of blood pressure drug nadolol
  [note: solution - don't use nadolol and green tea, but cacao and coca tea]
  - Nature Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 13 January 2014

• 7.5 million people around the world die due to hypertension or high blood pressure
  - Celebrity Cafe, 29 December 2013

• Déficit de cacao y chocolate es una oportunidad para el Perú
  - La Republica (PE), 28 December 2013

• One third of U.S. adults have high blood pressure, with over 50% of adults in the SouthEasthern U.S. having high blood pressure
  - Fox News, 27 December 2013

• Chocolate prices soar as growing appetites pushes up demand, while yields are lower with cacao producers due to a drier climate
  - New York Times, 21 December 2013

• Chocolate giant Hershey buys Chinese candy maker Shanghai Golden Monkey for $498 million
  - Wall Street Journal, 19 December 2013

• China's growing taste for chocolate is making it more expensive for everyone, and the average Chinese person eats 5% of the chocolate that the average European eats
  - Quartz, 17 December 2013

• Global map of coffee (Americas/Europe) versus tea (Asia) consumption
  - Economist, 16 December 2013

• Cargill boosts chocolate making despite global bean deficit
  - Reuters, 16 December 2013

• The $100 billion chocolate market, led by Mondelez (14%), Mars (14%), Nestle (12%), Ferrero/Nutella (8%), and Hershey (65)
  - Wall Street Journal, 29 November 2013

• Costa Rican coffee ranked amongst 50 best in the world at Paris Coca trade show
  - TicoTimes, 15 November 2013

• Gary Guittard: president and CEO, Guittard Chocolate Company
  - San Francisco Business Times, 15 November 2013

• Bolivian cacao from Amazon (Beni) among 15 best of the world
  - La Razon, 15 November 2013

• Bolivian cacao receives prize of excellence at annual Paris Chocolate show
  - Los Tiempos, 14 November 2013

• Many opportunities for Latin American cacao if it makes use of European processing technology
  - Inside CostaRica, 05 November 2013

• While cocoa is farmed in Panama, chocolate entrepreneurs import chocolate due to large cost of making chocolate in Panama
  - Panama America, 03 November 2013

• As part of new anti-sugary-junk-food tax, Mexico relegates Aztec's chocolate to junk food
  - Reuters, 31 October 2013

• Coca growers in Peru seeing profit and peace in switching from coco to cacao cultivation
  - Peru 21, 27 October 2013

• Amazonian cocoa - how chocolate is improving the lives of Bolivia's indigenous communities
  - Huffington Post, 16 October 2013

• Hot chocolate demand sends cocoa prices soaring, up 20% since January
  - Financial Times, 15 October 2013

• Tight supplies and surging demand in India push up cocoa prices
  - Wall Street Journal, 09 October 2013

• EC rules Swiss chocolate maker Barry Callebaut's Acticoa chocolate product can be advertised as helping to maintain healthy blood circulation
  - Wall Street Journal, 23 September 2013

• Chocolate prices soar as demand increases for healthier dark chocolate
  - Wall Street Journal, 23 September 2013

• A tasting tour of Ecuador, chocolate's birthplace 5000 years ago
  - Wall Street Journal, 13 September 2013

• Peruvian superfoods: maca, cacao, lucuma and camu-camu
  - Huffington Post, 10 September 2013

• Cerebro sano con dos tazas de chocolate caliente por dia
  - La Razon, 25 August 2013

• Medicinal and ritualistic uses for chocolate in Mesoamerica
  - Heritage Daily, 20 August 2013

• Drinking hot chocolate may keep the brain healthy in older people
  - Neurology, 7 August 2013

• Venezuela increases local chocolate production
  - Venezuelan Analysis, 16 July 2013

• Is cocoa the brain drug of the future?
  - Scientific American, 28 February 2013

• Cacao has a history of medicinal use
  - Penn Line, 16 December 2012

• Chocolate can help you beat persistent coughs
  - Daily Mail (UK), 8 December 2012

• Colombia's ten year plan to become a major exporter of chocolate
  - City Paper - Bogota, 14 November 2012

• U.S. anti-coca growing efforts in Peru embitters Peruvian chocolate farmers given inferior cocoa hybrid to plant as an alternative
  - Reuters, 25 April 2012

• Guittard Chocolate's quest for perfect candy - century-run Bay-Area chocolate company
  - San Francisco Chronicle, 6 November 2011

• Hot chocolate, Colombian style - home grown cacao and panela (unrefined brown sugar)
  - Manna Cuisine, 01 January 2011

• Why you aren't buying Venezuelan chocolate
  - Harvard Business Review, December 2010

• The genome of Theobroma cacao
  - Nature Genetics, 26 December 2010

• European chocolatiers shower praise on Peru cocoa
  - Reuters, 9 July 2010

• Chocolate-flavored milk speeds up recovery as well as expensive sports drink s
  - The Telegraph, 01 June 2009

• Cacao domestication II: progenitor germplasm of the Trinitario cacao cultivar
  - Heredity, 26 August 2003

• Cacao domestication I: the origin of the cacao cultivated by the Mayas
  - Heredity, 21 October 2002